Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies

Insurance

Commercial Self-Insured Losses

The Company retains a significant portion of the risk for workers' compensation, automobile, and general liability losses ("self-insured commercial liability"). Reserves have been recorded that reflect the undiscounted estimated liabilities including claims incurred but not reported. When a recognized liability is covered by third-party insurance, the Company records an insurance claim receivable to reflect the covered liability. Amounts estimated to be paid within one year have been included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, with the remainder included in other liabilities, non-current on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Insurance claims receivables that are expected to be received from third-party insurance within one year have been included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, with the remainder included in other non-current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes as of  April 30, 2024 and  October 31, 2023 for (1) recorded liabilities, related to both asserted as well as unasserted insurance claims and (2) any related insurance claims receivables:

Medical Self-Insured Losses

The Company offers employee health benefits via a partially self-insured medical benefit plan. Participant claims exceeding certain limits are covered by a stop-loss insurance policy. The Company contracts with a third-party administrator for tasks including, but not limited to, processing claims and remitting benefits. As of  April 30, 2024 and  October 31, 2023, the Company had accrued $1.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for estimated health claims incurred but not reported based on historical claims amounts and average lag time. These accruals are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company contracts with a third-party administrator to process claims and remit benefits. The third-party administrator requires the Company to maintain a bank account to facilitate the administration of claims.

Litigation

The Company is currently involved in certain legal proceedings and other disputes with third parties that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that the outcomes of these matters will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and does not believe that any amounts need to be recorded for contingent liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Washington Department of Revenue Sales Tax Issue

Historically, the Company has not charged sales tax to its Washington State customers that provide a reseller certificate, treating this as a wholesale transaction rather than as a retail sale. Effective April 1, 2020, the state of Washington Department of Revenue ("DOR") published a rule which amended Washington Administrative Code 458-20-211, otherwise known as Rule 211, by designating sales of stand-alone concrete pumping services as solely retail transactions. The Company sought to strongly defend its position that no sales tax should be charged for customers that provide a reseller certificate. As such, for the period from April 1, 2020 through January 31, 2024, the Company did not charge sales tax where its customers provide a reseller certificate and petitioned for declaratory relief from the amended rule.

In February 2023, the Company received an adverse ruling from the Thurston County superior court regarding its position, which it appealed. In February 2024, oral arguments were heard in the Court of Appeals in Tacoma and the Company received an unfavorable judgement during the same month. As of October 31, 2023, no liability had been recorded in connection with this contingency as a loss was not deemed probable at that time. However, as a result of the unfavorable judgment in February 2024, the Company concluded loss is probable and therefore recorded a loss of $3.5 million in the quarter ended January 31, 2024. The loss is included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended April 30, 2024. During the quarter ended January 31, 2024, the Company made a payment of $1.8 million to the DOR. Beginning with the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company started assessing sales tax related to its customers in the state of Washington.

Letters of credit

The ABL Facility provides for up to $22.5 million of standby letters of credit. As of April 30, 2024, total outstanding letters of credit totaled $8.5 million, the vast majority of which had been committed to the Company’s general liability insurance provider.