Note 15. Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. For purposes of calculating earnings per share (“EPS”), a company that has participating security holders (for example, holders of unvested restricted stock that have non-forfeitable dividend rights and the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock) is required to utilize the two-class method for calculating EPS unless the treasury stock method results in lower EPS. The two-class method is an allocation of earnings/(loss) between the holders of common stock and a company’s participating security holders. Under the two-class method, earnings/(loss) for the reporting period is calculated by taking the net income (loss) for the period, less both the dividends declared in the period on participating securities (whether or not paid) and the dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) for the period. Our common shares outstanding are comprised of shareholder owned common stock and shares of unvested restricted stock held by participating security holders. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, excluding participating shares. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of shares as determined for basic earnings per share plus shares potentially issuable in conjunction with unvested restricted stock awards, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options and shares of zero-dividend convertible perpetual preferred stock outstanding.

The table below shows our basic and diluted EPS calculations for the three and six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022:

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, 13.0 million warrants to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 and 2.5 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.