Note 4. Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions

The Company completed one asset acquisition during the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and five acquisitions during fiscal 2022. All acquisitions either added complementary assets in markets in which the Company already operates or expanded the Company's footprint into adjacent markets. With the exception of the Coastal Carolina Pumping, Inc. ("Coastal") acquisition during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, all other transactions qualified as asset acquisitions. Except for the acquisition of Pioneer Concrete Pumping Services (“Pioneer”) in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 and Coastal in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, these acquisitions were not individually significant to our results of operations. The consideration for the acquisitions in fiscal 2022 consisted of cash and was allocated to the acquired long-lived tangible and intangible assets.

August 2022 (Fiscal 2022) Coastal Acquisition

In August 2022, the Company acquired the property, equipment and intangible assets of Coastal for total purchase consideration of $30.8 million, which was paid for using cash and the ABL Facility (defined below). This transaction expanded our operations in the Carolinas and Florida and qualified as a business combination under ASC 805. Accordingly, the Company recorded all assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values. There was no goodwill recognized in this transaction.

The following table represents the final allocation of consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated acquisition-date fair values with any measurement-period adjustments included:

All assets were valued using level 3 inputs. The equipment was valued using a market approach while the intangible assets were valued using an income approach based on management’s projections.

Identifiable intangible assets acquired consist of customer relationships of $1.7 million and non-compete agreements valued at $0.8 million. The customer relationships were valued using the multi-period excess earnings method. The non-compete agreements were valued using a direct valuation of economic damages approach. The Company determined the useful life of both the customer relationships and non-compete agreements to be 5 years.

Concurrent with closing of the asset purchase agreement, the Company signed five leases directly with the seller. The leases were entered into at market rates and the Company recognized an ROU asset and liability of $6.5 million related to these leases.

November 2021 (Fiscal 2022) Pioneer Acquisition

In November 2021, the Company acquired the assets, no cash, of Pioneer for total purchase consideration of $20.2 million, of which, $1.0 million was held back (the “Holdback”) to allow for a post-closing joint inspection of Pioneer’s fleet vehicles. The Holdback had not been paid out as of October 31, 2023. This transaction was treated as an asset acquisition. The Company allocated $19.1 million to the purchase of Pioneer's equipment. The remaining $1.1 million was allocated to a definite-lived assembled workforce intangible asset and a definite-lived customer relationships intangible asset. All assets were valued using level 3 inputs. The equipment was valued using a market approach while the intangible assets were valued using an income approach based on management’s projections. The intangible assets will be amortized over 3 to 5 years.

Transaction Costs

Transaction costs include expenses for legal, accounting, and other professionals that were engaged in connection with an asset acquisition or business combination. Transaction costs in the twelve months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 were immaterial.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations for the Company and gives effect to the Coastal business combination discussed above as if it had occurred on November 1, 2020. The pro forma financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been realized if the Coastal business combination had been completed on November 1, 2020, nor does it purport to project the results of operations of the combined company in future periods. The pro forma financial information does not give effect to any anticipated integration costs related to the acquired company.

The unaudited pro forma financial information is as follows:

Significant pro forma adjustments include:

Coastal’s contribution to the Company's fiscal 2022 revenue was $4.0 million and net income was $0.6 million.