Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

v3.19.1
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
Note
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of presentation
 
The accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared, without audit, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do
not
include all information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company at
January 31, 2019
and for all periods presented. 
 
As a result of the Business Combination, the Company is the acquirer for accounting purposes and CPH is the acquiree and accounting predecessor. The Company’s financial statement presentation distinguishes the Company’s presentations into
two
distinct periods, the period up to the Closing Date (labeled “Predecessor”) and the period including and after that date (labeled “Successor”).
 
The merger was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, and the Successor financial statements reflect a new basis of accounting that is based on the fair value of the net assets acquired.
 
Determining the fair value of certain assets and liabilities assumed is judgmental in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. See Note
4
 – Business Combination for a discussion of the estimated fair values of assets and liabilities recorded in connection with the Company’s acquisition of CPH.
 
As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting as of the effective time of the Business Combination, the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include a black line division which indicates that the Predecessor and Successor reporting entities shown are presented on a different basis and are therefore,
not
comparable. These statements should be read in conjunction with the Predecessor’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto as of
October 31, 2018
and
2017,
and for the years ended
October 31, 2018,
2017
and
2016,
included as exhibit
99.3
in the Company’s Form
8
-K/A (Amendment
No.1
) filed with SEC on
January 29, 2019.
 
The historical financial information of Industrea prior to the Business Combination (a special purpose acquisition company, or SPAC) has
not
been reflected in the Predecessor financial statements as these historical amounts have been determined to be
not
useful information to a user of the financial statements. SPACs deposit the proceeds from their initial public offerings into a segregated trust account until a business combination occurs, where such funds are then used to either pay consideration for the acquiree or stockholders who elect to redeem their shares of common stock in connection with the business combination. SPACs will operate until the closing of a business combination, and the SPAC operations until the closing of a business combination, other than income from the trust account investments and transaction expenses, are nominal. Accordingly,
no
other activity in the Company was reported for periods prior to
December 6, 2018
besides CPH’s operations as Predecessor.
 
Emerging Growth Company
 
Section
102
(b)(
1
) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of
2012
(the “JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those companies that are
not
subject to the reporting requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934,
as amended) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected
not
to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.
 
This
may
make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
 
Principles of consolidation
 
The Successor Consolidated Financial Statements include all amounts of the Successor and its subsidiaries. The Predecessor Consolidated Financial Statements include all amounts of CPH and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Use of estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Significant estimates include accrued sales and use taxes, the liability for incurred but unreported claims under various partially self-insured polices, allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill impairment analysis, valuation of share based compensation and accounting for business combinations. Actual results
may
differ from those estimates, and such differences
may
be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Trade
receivables
 
Trade receivables are carried at the original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts. Generally, the Company does
not
require collateral for their accounts receivable; however, the Company
may
file statutory liens or take other appropriate legal action when necessary on construction projects when problems arise. A trade receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than
30
days. The Company does
not
charge interest on past-due trade receivables.
 
Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by identifying troubled accounts and by using historical experience applied to an aging of accounts. As of
January 31, 2019
and
October 31, 2018,
the allowance for doubtful accounts was
$0.0
million and
$0.7
million, respectively. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received. The decline in our allowance for doubtful accounts from
October 31, 2018
to
January 31, 2019
was driven by the Business Combination, as the Company had to fair value its trade receivables as of
December 6, 2018,
resetting the cost basis in its trade receivables. As such, the value of accounts receivable, net of any allowance for doubtful accounts, became the fair value as of the acquisition date.
 
Inventory
 
Inventory consists primarily of replacement parts for concrete pumping equipment. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (
first
-in,
first
-out method) or market. The Company evaluates inventory and records an allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventory to account for cost adjustments to market. Based on management’s analysis,
no
allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventory was required as of
January 31, 2019
and
October 31, 2018.
 
Fair Value Measur
ements
 
The Financial Accounting Standard Board’s (FASB’s) standard on fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
This standard establishes
three
levels of inputs that
may
be used to measure fair value:
 
Level
1
– Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level
2
– Observable inputs other than Level
1
prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities.
 
Level
3
– Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.
 
Deferred financing costs
 
Deferred financing costs representing
third
-party, non-lender debt issuance costs are deferred and amortized using the effective interest rate method over the term of the related long-term-debt agreement, and the straight-line method for the revolving credit agreement.
 
Debt issuance costs related to term loans are reflected as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the Long-Term debt liability. Debt issuance costs related to revolving credit facilities are capitalized and reflected as an Other Asset.
 
Goodwill
 
The Company accounts for goodwill under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
350,
Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (“ASC
350”
). The Company’s goodwill is the direct result of business combinations, is recorded using the acquisition method of accounting, and is
not
amortized, but is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The Company tests its recorded goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on
August 31,
or more often if indicators of potential impairment exist, by determining if the carrying value of each reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company has the option to
first
assess qualitative factors to determine whether or
not
it is more than likely that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value. If the result of a qualitative test indicates it is more likely than
not
that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying value, a quantitative test is performed. As further detailed in “Newly adopted accounting pronouncements” below, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
2017‑04,
Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (ASC
350
): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
(“ASU
2017
-
04”
),  and accordingly, goodwill impairment is recognized in the amount that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit,
not
to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit, based on the results of the Step
1
analysis. Future impairment reviews
may
require write-downs in the Company’s goodwill and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operating results for the periods in which such write-downs occur.
 
Property, plant and equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for additions and betterments are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred; however, maintenance and repairs that improve or extend the life of existing assets are capitalized. The carrying amount of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts in the year of disposal. Gains or losses from property and equipment disposals are recognized in the year of disposal. Property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight line method over the following estimated useful lives:
 
 
in years
Buildings and improvements 
15
to
40
Capital lease assets—buildings 
 
40
 
Furniture and office equipment 
2
to
7
Machinery and equipment 
3
to
25
Transportation and equipment 
3
to
7
 
Capital lease assets are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset.
 
Intangible assets
 
Intangible assets are recorded at cost or their estimated fair value when acquired through a business combination.
 
Intangible assets with finite lives, except for customer relationships, are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The customer relationships are being amortized on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are
not
amortized but are subject to annual reviews for impairment.
 
Impairment of long-lived assets
 
ASC
360,
Property, Plant and Equipment
(ASC
360
) requires other long-lived assets to be evaluated for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. If indicators are present, assets are grouped to the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other asset groups and cash flows are estimated for each asset group over the remaining estimated life of each asset group. If the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the asset’s carrying amount, impairment is recognized in the amount of excess of the carrying value over the fair value.
No
indicators of impairment were identified as of
January 31, 2019.
 
Revenue recognition
 
The Company generates revenues primarily from concrete pumping services in both the United States and the U.K. Additionally, revenues are generated from the Company’s waste management business which consists of service fees charged to customers for the delivery of our pans and containers and the disposal of the concrete waste material.
 
The Company recognizes revenue from these businesses when all of the following criteria are met: (a) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (b) the service has been performed or delivery has occurred, (c) the price is fixed or determinable, and (d) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company’s delivery terms for replacement part sales are FOB shipping point.
 
The Company imposes and collects sales taxes concurrent with our revenue-producing transactions with customers and remit those taxes to the various governmental authorities as prescribed by the taxing jurisdictions in which we operate. We present such taxes in our consolidated statements of income on a net basis.
 
Stock-based compensation
 
The Company follows ASC
718,
Compensation—Stock Compensation
(“ASC
718”
), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense, based on estimated fair values, for all share-based awards made to employees and directors. The value of the vested portion of the award is recognized as expense in the consolidated statements of income over the requisite service periods when applicable. Compensation expense for all share-based awards is recognized using the straight-line method. The Company will account for forfeitures as they occur in accordance with the early adoption of ASU
No.
2016
-
09,
Compensation—Stock Compensation (ASC
718
): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting
.
 
Foreign currency translation
 
The functional currency of Camfaud is the Pound Sterling (GBP). The assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into US dollars using the period end exchange rates, and the consolidated statements of income are translated at the average rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of comprehensive income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income and accumulated in other comprehensive income. The functional currency of our other subsidiaries is the United States Dollar.
 
Income taxes
 
The Company complies with ASC
740,
Income Taxes
, which requires a liability approach to financial reporting for income taxes.
 
The Company computes deferred income tax assets and liabilities annually for differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than
not
that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will
not
be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, carryback opportunities, and tax planning strategies in making the assessment. Income tax expense includes both the current income taxes payable or refundable and the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and liabilities. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized in the consolidated balance sheets if the tax position is more likely than
not
to be sustained upon an examination.
 
Camfaud files income tax returns in the U.K. Camfaud’s national statutes are generally open for
one
year following the statutory filing period.
 
Business combinations
 
The Company applies the principles provided in ASC
805,
Business Combinations
(“ASC
805”
), when a business is acquired. Tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value and goodwill is recognized for any differences between the price of the acquisition and the fair value determination. The Company estimates all purchase costs and other related transactions on the acquisition date. Transaction costs for the acquisitions are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC
805.
 
Seasonality
 
The Company’s sales are historically seasonal, with lower revenue in the
first
quarter and higher revenue in the
fourth
quarter of each year. Such seasonality also causes the Company’s working capital cash flow requirements to vary from quarter to quarter primarily depends on the variability of weather patterns with the Company generally having lower sales volume during the winter and spring months.
 
Vendor concentration
 
As of
January 31, 2019
and
October 31, 2018,
there were
three
significant vendors that the Company relies upon to purchase concrete pumping boom equipment. However, should the need arise, there are alternate vendors who can provide concrete pumping boom equipment.
 
Concentration of credit risk
 
Cash balances held at financial institutions
may,
at times, be in excess of federally insured limits. It is management’s belief that the Company places their temporary cash balances in high-credit quality financial institutions.
 
The Company’s customer base is dispersed across the United States and U.K. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of their customers’ financial condition and requires
no
collateral to support credit sales. During the predecessor and successor periods described above,
no
customer represented
10
 percent or more of sales or trade receivables.